La economía política de las plataformas y el rol estratégico de la política pública
Palabras clave:
Plataformas Digitales, Capitalismo de Plataformas, Política Pública, Plataformas Orientadas a MisionesResumen
Las plataformas digitales han adquirido una enorme importancia, creando mercados y transformando formas establecidas de coordinación económica y social. Su presencia e importancia global contrasta con las limitadas capacidades de agencias públicas y gubernamentales de influir sobre ellas. En este contexto, la investigación sobre las plataformas y la economía digital ha permitido un avance sustantivo en nuestra comprensión del fenómeno. No obstante, carecemos aún de síntesis conceptuales que permitan vincular con claridad el entendimiento sobre las plataformas y sus características, con las políticas públicas que se están ensayando y sus limitaciones. Este trabajo ofrece tres aportes a esta problemática: en primer lugar, discute cómo las plataformas redefinen las relaciones económicas entabladas por medio de ellas, y arriba a una definición original de plataforma basada en su economía política. En segundo lugar, identifica y detalla cinco dimensiones que resultan fundamentales para explicar el predominio de las empresas de plataforma. Por último, el artículo resume los diversos ángulos de actuación que se han discutido y ensayado desde la política pública frente al avance de las plataformas y, discutiendo sus limitaciones, introduce la noción de plataformas orientadas a misiones como una herramienta de política pública.
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