Lo microfundado: Un contraste entre las teorías de Robert Lucas y Jens Beckert

Autores/as

  • Lucía Giambroni IDAES-UNSAM
  • Iván Weigandi Universidad de Buenos Aires

Palabras clave:

análisis microfundado, Robert Lucas, Jens Beckert, expectativas ficcionales, sociología económica, modelo de acción racional

Resumen

En 1976, el economista Robert E. Lucas argumenta que la síntesis neoclásica-keynesiana incurre en un error al no considerar que las reacciones de los agentes se modifican ante cambios en la política económica; por ello, propone poner el foco en los “parámetros profundos” que implican las preferencias individuales. La crítica de Lucas ha sido la base de los modelos macroeconómicos dominantes, microfundados a partir de agentes maximizadores que parten de expectativas racionales. Ahora bien, dadas las limitaciones que ha demostrado este enfoque, en especial a la hora de abordar de manera satisfactoria las motivaciones que suscitan la acción, resulta pertinente incorporar y contraponer el análisis de Jens Beckert, en tanto representa un cambio de perspectiva radical frente al abordaje dominante. Si, de acuerdo al autor, lo que motiva la acción económica es la intención “razonable” de obtener el mejor resultado, materializada a través de decisiones tomadas en base a “expectativas ficticias”, la posibilidad del cálculo -fundante en el modelo neoclásico- desaparece. En un contexto de incertezas, no hay cálculo racional posible. Esto permite resignificar el abordaje micro fundado, alejado del resultado determinista al que lo ha reducido el individualismo metodológico.

Biografía del autor/a

Lucía Giambroni, IDAES-UNSAM

Profesora de Historia y Maestranda en Sociología Económica (IDAES-UNSAM). Docente UBA.  

Iván Weigandi, Universidad de Buenos Aires

Estudiante de la Licenciatura en Economía (UBA).

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2017-12-22

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