La economía del conocimiento y sus culturas
Tecnologías neoliberales y reterritorializaciones en América latina
Palabras clave:
biodiversidad, propiedad cultural, propiedad intelectual, conocimiento tradicional, América LatinaResumen
Los bienes culturales son cada vez más significativos bajo las condiciones neoliberales de la restructuración regulatoria que favorecen la inversión en capital informacional en las llamadas “economías del conocimiento”. La argumentación de este artículo se presenta como un análisis crítico y multiescalar de la reciente investigación etnográfica en contextos latinoamericanos en los cuales podemos reconocer las maneras y medios a través de los cuales el comercio internacional, la propiedad intelectual y los regímenes de la biodiversidad han influido en las representaciones y la administración del conocimiento efectuando nuevas formas de espacialización. Colectivos sociales indígenas constituidos como comunidades autogerenciadas han adoptado actitudes de posesión, si no necesariamente de propiedad, respecto del conocimiento tradicional, los recursos genéticos de las plantas y las fuentes alimentarias, y han aprendido a marcar los bienes y los servicios de modo que se puedan identificar las condiciones culturalmente específicas de su origen. Pero en la medida en que las comunidades culturizadas se convierten en súbditos del gobierno neoliberal, son invitadas a proyectar sus capacidades distintivas de modo que se vuelvan económica y políticamente legibles para los nuevos interlocutores. Esto ha provocado nuevas formas de reflexión en torno a las capacidades, bienes, valores y normas, y ha provisto nuevas fuentes de luchas fundadas en los derechos en un campo emergente de políticas culturales, en el cual el multiculturalismo se vernaculariza en mercados más arraigados y sitios políticos más pluralistas.
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