Diversidad y políticas de desarrollo en la frontera étnica de China
Palabras clave:
minorías étnicas, revitalización religiosa, comercio, ChinaResumen
Las fronteras étnicas internas de China tienen una larga y compleja historia que se remonta a los períodos dinásticos. Desde el final de la Revolución Cultural (1966~1976) y el giro hacia la economía orientada al mercado en 1980, el entorno social y la política relativamente liberal han promovido diferentes tipos de revitalización étnica y religiosa. Este artículo se basa en el trabajo de campo etnográfico que realicé durante dos años en las provincias de Gansu y Sichuan en el oeste de China, donde he observado la revitalización étnica y religiosa en dos comunidades –la tibetana, con mayor protagonismo, y la casi invisible comunidad Hui o chinos musulmanes. A partir de la comparación de dos grupos étnicos locales, discuto cómo las identidades étnicas / religiosas se han reconstruido en el contexto del desarrollo económico chino. Argumento que la formación de la identidad étnico / religiosa va mucho más allá de la religión y el origen étnico y por lo tanto tiene que ser analizada en un contexto histórico social más amplio.
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