Descolonizar el territorio
Movilizaciones indígenas, el giro territorial y los límites del derecho a la tierra en la zona fronteriza entre Paraguay y Brasil
Palabras clave:
derechos indígenas, restitución de tierras, territorialidad, ensamblaje territorial, justiciaResumen
La vuelta territorial en América Latina ha resultado en la restitución de más de 200 millones de hectáreas de tierra a comunidades Indígenas y Afrodescendientes desde los años noventa. Aunque la vuelta territorial ha proporcionado una solución jurídica a muchas reivindicaciones de tierras Indígenas demarcando legalmente derechos a la propiedad comunitaria, el título no necesariamente resuelve disputas territoriales. Tal es el caso de la comunidad Aché de Kue Tuvy ubicada en la zona fronteriza Paraguay-Brasil que logró título colectivo solo para confrontarse constantemente con desafíos (extra)legales a sus derechos territoriales. A partir de la investigación cualitativa con Kue Tuvy, datos de origen secundario y debates sobre distintas epistemologías territoriales de académicos latinoamericanos y angloparlantes, analizo los efectos fundamentados en la política de la vuelta territorial con atención a las luchas que preceden la vuelta y los conflictos inquietantes que siguen la emisión del título. El artículo muestra cómo se desarrolla la vuelta territorial en el lugar, no simplemente como producto de reformas neoliberal, sino como esfuerzos Indígenas de descolonizar territorio para crear espacios comunales para un futuro más justo. Sostengo que los ensamblajes territoriales nunca son terminados, como las luchas por la justicia Indígena no terminan con la restitución territorial.
Citas
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