Sociología Económica y enraizamiento. ¿Cómo conceptualizar la acción económica? (“Economic Sociology and Embeddedness: How Shall We Conceptualize Economic Action?”) Traducción: Matías Dewey, Pablo Nemiña y Melina Pagnone
Keywords:
sociología económica, enraizamiento, acción económicaAbstract
Si rechazamos la interpretación teleológica de la acción para entender la toma de decisiones en situaciones económicas caracterizadas por la incertidumbre, se necesita un sustituto que proporcione una teoría de la acción alternativa y que, a la vez, haga posible una conceptualización superior acerca de cómo los actores hacen inteligible su contexto para tomar decisiones intencionalmente racionales. Retomando la tradición del pragmatismo americano, propongo basar la comprensión de la acción en contextos económicos en “una interpretación no teleológica de la intencionalidad”, tal como la elaboró Hans Joas (1996). Esta conceptualización pone el foco en los actos interpretativos a través de los cuales los actores construyen intersubjetivamente percepciones de racionalidad durante el mismo proceso de la acción. Las estrategias intencionalmente racionales se consideran constitutivamente ancladas en la interpretación que el actor hace de la situación que él o ella enfrenta. Este proceso no es puramente subjetivo sino que está basado en expectativas generalizadas que George Herbert Mead categoriza como el “otro generalizado”. Así, el enraizamiento se refiere a la estructuración social de los mundos de sentido cuya representación está basada en la interpretación. Se trata de un proceso indeterminado, pero no desestructurado.
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