Estructura productiva, distribución y crecimiento en América Latina.
Una revisión crítica de dos enfoques heterodoxos recientes.
Palabras clave:
conflicto distributivo, neo-estructuralismo, neo-desarrollismo, tipo de cambio, crecimiento económicoResumen
El presente trabajo desarrolla un marco analítico para examinar críticamente dos enfoques teóricos recientes, cuyas conclusiones y prescripciones de política económica para los países latinoamericanos dependen de manera sustancial del tipo de configuración productiva vigente: el neo-estructuralismo y el neo-desarrollismo. Se argumenta que: a) Si bien cada visión asume un patrón de especialización diferente, ambas parten de considerar que las condiciones técnicas vigentes constituyen un dato puramente técnico de las economías bajo análisis, que no es susceptible de ser modificado por cambios en las condiciones que regulan la distribución del ingreso; b) Los regímenes de crecimiento adoptados por estas posiciones son válidos únicamente bajo condiciones muy restrictivas, resultando en general inadecuados a la hora de explorar la problemática del desarrollo en las economías periféricas latinoamericanas. En vista de ello, se advierten los potenciales riesgos de utilizar la política cambiaria –instrumento clave de ambos enfoques- como herramienta fundamental para impulsar el desarrollo.
Citas
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