Política proletaria hoy
Sobre los peligros y las posibilidades de la analogía histórica
Palavras-chave:
analogía histórica, comparación, trabajo, proletariado, propiedad, dependencia, sur de África, Sudáfrica, antigua RomaResumo
Cuando las desposeídas clases urbanas contemporáneas son representadas como “proletariado”, se activa una poderosa analogía histórica por la cual la muy bien documentada experiencia de las florecientes clases trabajadoras industriales de la Europa del siglo XIX proporciona un patrón implícito de interpretación de eventos y procesos muy alejados, en tiempo y en espacio. El uso que Karl Marx ha dado a la figura del proletariado, frecuentemente proporciona inspiración y constituye un modelo para tales movimientos analógicos, ya en su propia época fue una analogía histórica compleja que invocaba las jerarquías sociales de la antigua Roma. Repensar esta historia intelectual doblemente analógica nos ofrece la ocasión tanto de considerar los usos y abusos de la analogía histórica, como para utilizar la reflexión sobre los proletarios originales (romanos) como palanca conceptual para desmontar algunos supuestos obsoletos sobre la política contemporánea de ciertas poblaciones urbanas sin propiedad, en el sur de África y más allá.
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