From the point of view of conceptual history, this article aims to investigate the use of equality/inequality in the legislation and political discourse of the 1820s in the province of Buenos Aires. It also proposes to inquire about the reflections that such notions aroused among the protagonists of the period. Regarding the relationships between equality/inequality, republic and representative government, we will first review the measures taken by the revolutionary governments to implement equality of individuals before the law. We will then focus on the debates that led to the elimination of privileges (“fueros personales”) both in the legislature and the Buenos Aires’ press. Finally, we will examine the discussion around the section on citizenship in the draft constitution that would be adopted in 1826, and conclude with a reflection on the relationship of these notions with the concept of democracy.