This article intends to analyze the political concepts and representations on Equality and Inequality deployed during the quest for the recognition of the independence of Paraguay by the Argentine Confederation. The press is the chosen source, since it stood as the privileged sphere of political debate. We will focus on the study of El Paraguayo Independiente, the first newspaper in Paraguay, created during the government of Carlos Antonio López in 1845, and its discussion with the Rosista press. The political demand for the recognition of Paraguayan independence was based on the defense of the concept of Equality among territories and Inequality in access to resources due to the conflict over the free navigation of rivers.