After the 1980 conference on the thought of Carl Schmitt, it has become clear that any attempt to think politics beyond the State framework –which is irremediably in crisis– must go through its work and, simultaneously, go “beyond it”. Therefore, this article proposes a double operation consisting, on the one hand, in underlining the relevance of the Schmittian reflection for the understanding of the logic and, at the same time, the limits of the modern form of politics and, on the other hand, in offering certain categories to rethink politics in a new way –beyond Schmitt–, based on the aporias that characterize democracy as it is conceived within the horizon of modern sovereignty.